Development of Second-Generation CDK2 Inhibitors for the Prevention of Cisplatin-Induced Hearing Loss

J Med Chem. 2018 Sep 13;61(17):7700-7709. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00669. Epub 2018 Aug 24.

Abstract

There are currently no FDA-approved therapies to prevent the hearing loss associated with the usage of cisplatin in chemotherapeutic regimens. We recently demonstrated that the pharmacologic inhibition with kenpaullone or genetic deletion of CDK2 preserved hearing function in animal models treated with cisplatin, which suggests that CDK2 is a promising therapeutic target to prevent cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. In this study, we identified two lead compounds, AT7519 and AZD5438, from a focused library screen of 187 CDK2 inhibitors, performed in an immortalized cell line derived from neonatal mouse cochleae treated with cisplatin. Moreover, we screened 36 analogues of AT7519 and identified analogue 7, which exhibited an improved therapeutic index. When delivered locally, analogue 7 and AZD5438 both provided significant protection against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in mice. Thus, we have identified two additional compounds that prevent cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in vivo and provided further evidence that CDK2 is a druggable target for treating cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antineoplastic Agents / adverse effects
  • Cisplatin / adverse effects*
  • Cochlea / drug effects
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / methods
  • Hearing Loss / chemically induced*
  • Hearing Loss / prevention & control
  • Humans
  • Imidazoles / chemistry
  • Imidazoles / pharmacology
  • Mice, Inbred Strains
  • Organ Culture Techniques
  • Protective Agents / chemistry
  • Protective Agents / pharmacology
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / chemistry
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • Pyrimidines / chemistry
  • Pyrimidines / pharmacology
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Imidazoles
  • Protective Agents
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
  • Pyrimidines
  • AZD5438
  • CDK2 protein, human
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2
  • Cisplatin